Which nervous system component is comprised of the brain and spinal cord?

The component of the nervous system that is comprised of the brain and spinal cord is the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS serves as the main control center for processing and integrating information, coordinating bodily functions, and responding to stimuli from both internal and external environments. The brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and issuing commands to the body, while the spinal cord is crucial for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

In contrast, the Peripheral Nervous System includes all the nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS, functioning to connect the CNS to limbs and organs. The Autonomic Nervous System, a division of the peripheral system, regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion, while the Somatic Nervous System controls voluntary movements and sensory information.