What gland releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the bloodstream?

The posterior pituitary gland is responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the bloodstream. This gland does not produce these hormones itself; instead, they are synthesized in the hypothalamus and then transported down the axons to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released.

Oxytocin plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including the stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth and the promotion of milk ejection during breastfeeding. On the other hand, ADH, also known as vasopressin, is vital for maintaining water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption, thus concentrating the urine and reducing water loss.

The other glands listed do not perform this function. The anatomical gland is not a recognized entity in endocrine discussions. The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism and levels of calcium and does not release oxytocin or ADH. The pancreas is involved in blood glucose regulation through the secretion of insulin and glucagon, rather than the hormones produced by the posterior pituitary.