NMAT Biology Practice Test

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• Which nervous system division deals with conscious control of movement?
• Which enzyme is responsible for opening the DNA helix during replication?
• Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying alcohol and harmful substances in the cell?
• Which enzyme helps relieve torsional strain ahead of the replication fork?
• Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis and is found only in plant cells?
• Which type of neurons receive sensory information and send it to the CNS?
• Which stage of prophase I involves bivalents being prepared for metaphase?
• In genetics, what best describes traits that are controlled by multiple alleles across multiple loci?
• Which of the following zones has a lesser amount of light compared to the Photic zone?
• What is a key feature of organisms in primary succession?
• What cellular process is primarily associated with detoxification?
• What is the primary factor that defines K-selected species?
• Which term describes the combined effect of multiple genes on a single trait?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polygenic traits?
• Which hormone is responsible for water retention in the kidneys?
• Which neurotransmitter is also known as adrenaline and impacts glucose metabolism and energy release during exercise?
• In which mode of inheritance do neither parent's traits dominate, resulting in blended traits?
• Which type of species is characterized by producing few offspring with high survival probabilities?
• What role does the central vacuole play in plant cells?
• What sequence describes a reflex arc in the nervous system?
• Which enzyme is responsible for assembling nucleotides to create DNA?
• What regulates the body's thermostat and urges such as hunger and thirst?
• Which protein has receptor sites and plays a role in muscle contraction?
• Which hormone is also referred to as the 'love hormone' due to its role in childbirth and lactation?
• Which cells in the stomach are involved in the initial phase of chemical digestion?
• What hormone stimulates the ovaries and testes and is released by the anterior pituitary?
• During which stage of succession would you primarily find R-selected species?
• What is the total number of ATP produced by the electron transport chain?
• During which stage of prophase I does the synaptonemal complex begin to form?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle control and REM sleep?
• What is the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
• Which hormone primarily influences metabolic rate and is secreted by the thyroid gland?
• What type of plants are typically found in a chaparral biome?
• Which neurotransmitter is known to inhibit pain pathways in the brain?
• Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?
• What is the function of the protein myosin in muscle contraction?
• What enzyme seals gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
• What process begins at puberty and results in four viable sperm cells per parent cell?
• In a pedigree, when all affected males have affected mothers and all affected fathers have only affected daughters, what type of inheritance is likely occurring?
• Which structure is involved in cellular respiration and degrading macromolecules in animal cells?
• What process begins during the leptotene stage of prophase I?
• Which zone of the marine biome is characterized by shallow water over continental shelves?
• Which of the following best describes a biome?
• Which nervous system component is comprised of the brain and spinal cord?
• Which statement about polygenic inheritance is correct?
• In which situation does the Sympathetic Nervous System engage?
• Which type of signals does the thalamus primarily relay?
• Where does the electron transport chain occur?
• Which gland is associated with metabolism and the secretion of calcitonin?
• Which condition is typically associated with mostly affecting males whose affected individuals have no affected parents?
• What is the function of cytokinin in plants?
• Which genetic phenomenon results in a blend of traits where each gene contributes a small effect?
• Which nervous system is responsible for resting and digesting functions?
• Which process regenerates NAD+ and produces ethanol, lactic acid, or CO2?
• Which gland is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus?
• What kind of actions does the Somatic Nervous System control?
• Through which reproductive process does major sperm cell production occur after puberty?
• What is the group term for all marine layers that do not involve the continental shelf?
• What type of ecosystem features interactions between both biotic and abiotic factors?
• Which term describes the flow of materials, energy, and organisms between two ecosystems?
• What is the primary role of auxin in plants?
• Which organelle is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates?
• What is the primary function of gibberellin in plants?
• What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?
• What is the role of the medulla in the brain?
• What is the marine zone located off the shore of the continental shelf?
• What do you call a broad geographic area with similar features that supports life?
• What is the main function of ribosomes?
• What does a pedigree indicate if affected individuals have no affected parents?
• Which reproductive process starts during fetal development and ends at menopause, producing one viable cell per parent cell?
• Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle occur?
• Which enzyme creates primers to initiate DNA replication?
• Which biome is characterized by plants exhibiting C4 and CAM photosynthesis?
• Which plant hormone primarily regulates phototropism?
• What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?
• Which of the following hormones is involved in the feedback regulation of blood calcium levels?
• Which of the following traits is most likely to exhibit polygenic inheritance?
• Which structure regulates rhythmic contractions of the heart?
• What signifies the beginning of the diplotene stage in prophase I?
• What is the main application of understanding polygenic inheritance in modern genetics?
• What protein is responsible for inhibiting muscle contraction?
• Which gland produces hormones such as hGH, PRL, FSH, and LH?
• What biome is characterized by domination by cone-bearing trees?
• Which protein inhibits muscle contraction by binding to troponin?
• What term represents the combination of biotic and abiotic factors?
• What role do efferent neurons play in the nervous system?
• Which protein prevents unzipped DNA strands from reattaching during replication?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily linked to the reward and pleasure centers of the brain?
• What type of graph is typically used to illustrate the phenotypic expression of polygenic traits?
• Which of the following hormones is directly involved in promoting the uptake of glucose into cells?
• What role does the hormone oxytocin play in the body?
• Which freshwater biome zone is known for having a decent amount of sunlight?
• Which type of succession happens after an existing community has been wiped out but soil remains?
• Which hormone is associated with promoting plant growth by stimulating cell division?
• What major type of inheritance involves only one allele from each parent influencing a single trait?
• What organelle uses hydrolytic enzymes for digestion and is found only in animal cells?
• What hormone is produced by the pineal gland?
• Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of reinforcement and pleasure?
• Which hormone is responsible for ripening and rotting in plants?
• Which hormone is released from the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?
• What is the outcome of polygenic inheritance with regards to phenotype distribution?
• What are the main products of the Kreb's cycle?
• What is the function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?
• During which prophase I phase does synapsis complete?
• Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in stress responses in plants?
• Which part of the brain acts as the command center between both hemispheres?
• Which neurons are responsible for sending stimuli to the central nervous system (CNS)?
• In ecological terms, a landscape is best defined as:
• What gland stores secretions of the hypothalamus?
• What hormone raises blood calcium levels and is secreted by the parathyroid glands?
• What role does abscisic acid play in plants?
• What marine zone is characterized by little to no light?
• Which part of the brain connects the spinal cord to the higher brain centers?
• Which part of the brain is responsible for involuntary functions such as respiration and digestion?
• Which gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone linked to biological rhythm?
• Which structure allows for cell-to-cell communication and is found only in plant cells?
• Which type of inheritance pattern involves the cumulative effects of multiple genes?
• What is the primary function of the cerebrum?
• What organelle forms spindle fibers during cell division and is exclusive to animal cells?
• What is the primary condition of the limnetic zone in a freshwater biome?
• What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
• What is the genetic basis for traits such as skin color and height in humans?
• What term describes a situation where multiple genes influence a single trait?
• What is the mode of inheritance where both traits from the parents are expressed independently?
• Which plant hormone is known for causing stem elongation?
• Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the brain's regulation of mood and anxiety?
• How many genes typically contribute to a polygenic trait?
• What is the primary product of glycolysis?
• Where is glucose produced in the photosynthetic process?
• A characteristic of plants in the desert biome is:
• What is considered the highest form of ecological organization?
• In genetic pedigrees, what does it indicate if all affected individuals have an affected parent?
• Which neurotransmitter functions as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone and is essential for triggering fight or flight responses?
• What must occur before a bivalent can be classified as ready for metaphase?
• What type of ecological succession occurs in an area where no life previously existed?
• What is the primary role of the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
• Which term refers to a group of individuals of the same species?
• Which neurotransmitter is known for providing relief from pain and creating feelings of pleasure and well-being?
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins and repairing the plasma membrane?
• What gland releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the bloodstream?
• Which neurotransmitter or hormone affects eating and alertness?
• Which gland is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon?
• Which organelle is associated with storage and breakdown of cellular waste in plant cells?
• Which of the following processes occurs in mitochondria?
• What is an example of a trait that could be influenced by polygenic inheritance?
• What is the primary function of single strand binding proteins during replication?
• Ecosystem diversity contributes to:
• What type of reaction is the Calvin cycle classified as?
• Which fibers are responsible for contraction when receiving electrical impulses?
• Which stomach cell is responsible for the secretion of pepsinogen?
• What part of the brain is primarily responsible for balance?
• Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
• Which of the following neurotransmitters is crucial for both muscle contraction and learning processes?
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for the storage and breakdown of waste in plant cells?
• Which neurotransmitter affects mood, sleep, and appetite?
• What is a group of different species in a defined area called?
• What system of the nervous system is primarily responsible for reflex actions?
• What hormone, produced by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels?
• Which stomach cells are primarily responsible for adjusting the acidity of the stomach contents?
• Which hormone is responsible for stimulating growth and is produced by the anterior pituitary?
• Which system is activated primarily during periods of rest?
• What type of nervous system is associated with the fight or flight response?
• What is the term for the genetic inheritance pattern described by Gregor Mendel?
• What is one of the primary functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• What neurotransmitter is linked to learning and memory?
• Which organelle is involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances?
• Which zone of the marine biome is nutrient-rich and includes sand and sediments?
• Which biome features plants with thorns and small leaves adapted for dry conditions?
• In which stage of prophase I does crossing over occur?
• Which molecule is primarily regenerated during anaerobic respiration?
• Which type of stomach cell secretes mucin to protect the stomach walls from acidity?
• Which cycle uses CO2 to produce glucose through a series of reactions?
• Which part of the brain is associated with emotions?
• Which freshwater biome zone receives large amounts of sunlight?
• Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
• Which marine zone has the greatest illumination?
• What condition typically indicates that a trait is passed down through X linked recessive inheritance?
• Which neurotransmitter serves to inhibit the central nervous system (CNS)?
• What structure disappears during the diplotene phase of prophase I?
• How does the environment influence polygenic inheritance?
• What conveys electrical impulses from the sino-atrial node?
• Which type of inheritance involves multiple alleles affecting a single trait?