Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle occur?

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, which is the fluid-filled region surrounding the thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place. This cycle is crucial for converting carbon dioxide and energy-rich compounds generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis into glucose.

The stroma contains the necessary enzymes and molecules needed for the biochemical reactions of the Calvin cycle. These reactions can occur in the absence of light, which distinguishes them from the light-dependent reactions that take place within the thylakoid membranes. Thus, the environment and the composition of the stroma provide the optimal conditions for the Calvin cycle to convert inorganic carbon into organic molecules, effectively contributing to carbon fixation and forming the backbone of the food web through the production of sugars.