Which hormone is responsible for ripening and rotting in plants?

Ethylene is the hormone that plays a crucial role in the ripening and rotting processes of fruits and other plant tissues. This gaseous hormone is produced in response to various environmental stimuli and promotes the maturation of fruits by initiating complex biochemical pathways. When ethylene is released, it triggers the synthesis of enzymes that break down components like starches and acids, converting them into sugars, which enhances the sweetness and flavor of the fruit. Additionally, ethylene influences the production of pigments, contributing to the change in color that often accompanies ripening.

Moreover, ethylene facilitates the senescence (aging) and abscission (shedding) of plant parts, making it fundamental in processes that lead to rotting. This is important for the plant’s reproductive strategy, as the decaying of fruit can help in seed dispersal and nutrient recycling back into the soil. Therefore, ethylene's role in promoting both ripening and rotting highlights its significance in the lifecycle of plants.