Which neurons are responsible for sending stimuli to the central nervous system (CNS)?

Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, play a crucial role in the nervous system by transmitting signals from sensory receptors located throughout the body to the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. These neurons are essential for conveying information about external stimuli, such as touch, pain, temperature, and chemical changes, allowing the CNS to process and respond to the environment.

When a sensory receptor detects a stimulus, it generates an electrical signal that travels along the afferent neuron. This signal is then relayed to the CNS, where it can lead to interpretation and consequent responses, such as reflexes or conscious decision-making. This pathway is fundamental to our interaction with the world around us, making afferent neurons vital for functioning and survival.

Other types of neurons serve different functions in the nervous system. Efferent neurons, for instance, transmit signals away from the CNS to effectors, such as muscles or glands, to elicit a response. Interneurons serve a critical role in processing information within the CNS, linking afferent and efferent pathways. Somatic neurons specifically refer to neurons that control voluntary movements by innervating skeletal muscles and can include both afferent and efferent pathways