Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying alcohol and harmful substances in the cell?

The organelle responsible for detoxifying alcohol and harmful substances in the cell is the peroxisome. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that facilitate oxidation reactions, which help break down fatty acids and amino acids. A key function of peroxisomes is to metabolize hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of fatty acid oxidation, into water and oxygen, thus preventing harmful accumulation within the cell.

Moreover, peroxisomes play a critical role in detoxifying substances such as ethanol. The enzymes within these organelles convert ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further metabolized. This detoxifying process is especially prominent in liver cells, where alcohol metabolism occurs extensively. Therefore, the peroxisome's involvement in such detoxification pathways highlights its significance in maintaining cellular health and homeostasis.